Physical Chemistry

– In this subject, we will discuss the Nuclear Reactor (Definition, Components) Nuclear Reactor – It has been possible to control the fission of U-235 so that energy is released slowly at a usable rate. – Controlled fission is carried out in a specially designed plant called a nuclear power …

– In this subject, we will discuss the Nuclear Fission (Definition, Properties, Examples, Applications) Nuclear Fission Process   – In 1939, Hahn and Stassmann discovered that a heavy atomic nucleus of uranium-235 upon bombardment by a neutron splits apart into two or more nuclei. – U-235 first absorbs a neutron …

– In this subject, we will discuss the free download of Concise Physical Chemistry book by Donald W.Rogers The Preface of Concise Physical Chemistry book    – Physical chemistry stands at the intersection of the power and generality of classical and quantum physics with the minute molecular complexity of chemistry …

– In this subject, we will discuss Free Download Electrochemistry book (Principles, Methods, and Applications) The Preface of Electrochemistry book – Electrochemistry has undergone significant transformations in the last few decades. – It is not now the province of academics interested only in measuring thermodynamic properties of solutions or of …

– In this subject, we will discuss the free download of Fundamentals of Chemistry book by Romain Elsair. Aim of Fundamentals of Chemistry book – This book addresses first-year students and aims at: (1) Developing further knowledge and understanding of some core scientific concepts and principles (2) Improving ability to …

 – In this subject, we will discuss Nuclear Binding Energy: (Definition, Formula, Explanation) Nuclear Binding Energy – The atomic nucleus is made of protons and neutrons closely packed in a small volume. – Although there exist intensive repulsive forces between the component protons, the nucleus is not split apart. This …

 – In this subject, we will discuss the energy released in Nuclear Reactions: Nuclear Binding Energy Einstein’s Equation Relating Mass and Energy  – According to Albert Einstein, mass can be converted into energy and vice versa. – His famous equation relating mass and energy is: where E = energy ; m …

– In this subject, we will discuss the Nuclear Equations: Balancing, Rules, Practice Nuclear Equations – Similar to a chemical reaction, nuclear reactions can be represented by equations. – These equations involving the nuclei of the reactants and products are called nuclear equations. – The nuclear reactions occur by redistribution …

– In this subject, we will discuss the Nuclear Reaction: Definition, Types, Examples, and Equations. Nuclear Reaction – In a chemical reaction, there is merely a rearrangement of extranuclear electrons. – The atomic nucleus remains intact. – A nuclear reaction involves a change in the composition of the nucleus. – …

– In this subject, we will discuss the Radioactive Dating: Definition, Formula, Examples Radioactivity – Several elements such as uranium and radium are unstable. – Their atomic nucleus breaks off its own accord to form a smaller atomic nucleus of another element. – The protons and neutrons in the unstable …

– In this subject, we will discuss the Half-life time and radioactive decay: Equations, Calculations Rate of radioactive decay  – The decay of a radioactive isotope takes place by disintegration of the atomic nucleus. – It is not influenced by any external conditions. – Therefore the rate of decay is …

– In this subject, we will discuss the Radioactive Disintegration Series: Definition, Examples Radioactivity – Several elements such as uranium and radium are unstable. – Their atomic nucleus breaks off its own accord to form a smaller atomic nucleus of another element. – The protons and neutrons in the unstable …

– In this subject, we will discuss the Radioactive decay: Definition, Types, Examples Types of Radioactive Decay – According to the theory put forward by Rutherford and Soddy (1903), radioactivity is a nuclear property. – The nucleus of a radioactive atom is unstable. – It undergoes decay or disintegration by …

– In this subject, we will discuss the Detection and measurement of Radioactivity. Detection and measurement of Radioactivity – Radioactivity can be detected and measured by several methods. – The important ones used in modern practice are listed below. (1) Cloud Chamber  (2) Ionization Chamber (3) Geiger-Muller Counter (4) Scintillation …

  Nuclear reaction   ** A nuclear reaction is different from a chemical reaction. ** In a chemical reaction, atoms of the reactants combine by a rearrangement of extranuclear electrons but the nuclei of the atoms remain unchanged. ** In a nuclear reaction, on the other hand, it is the …

MCQ on: Isotopes, Isobars, and Isotones – In this subject, you will find 25 questions and answers MCQ on Isotopes, Isobars, and Isotones.  1. The atoms of an element that have the same number of protons and different numbers of neutrons are called_______ (a) isotopes (b) isobars (c) isotones (d) …

In this subject, the Difference between Isotopes, Isobar, and Isotones will be discussed with some Common Examples for all types. What are Isotopes? Isotopes may be defined as: (1) The atoms of an element that have the same number of protons and different number of neutrons are called Isotopes. (2) …

– In this subject, we will discuss the Isotopic effects: definition, Applications Definition of isotopes Isotopes may be defined as : (1) The atoms of an element that have the same number of protons and different numbers of neutrons are called Isotopes. (2) The atoms of an element that have the …

– In this subject, we will discuss 7 Examples of isotopes Definition of isotopes Isotopes may be defined as : (1) The atoms of an element that have the same number of protons and different number of neutrons are called Isotopes. (2) The atoms of an element that have the same …

– In this subject, we will discuss the Separation of Isotopes by seven methods Separation of Isotopes – Since isotopes have exactly similar chemical properties, their separation by chemical means is out of the question. – Their difference in those physical properties which depend on the mass of the atom …