– In this subject, we will discuss the Nomenclature of Acids, Bases and Hydrates Nomenclature of Acids – An acid can be described as a substance that yields hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. (H+ is equivalent to one proton, and is often referred to that way.) – Formulas …
Read More »Nomenclature of Molecular Compounds
How to Name Molecular Compounds – Unlike ionic compounds, Molecular compounds contain discrete molecular units. – They are usually composed of nonmetallic elements. – Many molecular compounds are binary compounds. – Naming binary molecular compounds is similar to naming binary ionic compounds. – We place the name of the first …
Read More »Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds
– In this subject, we will discuss the Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds. Naming Compounds – In addition to using formulas to show the composition of molecules and compounds, chemists have developed a system for naming substances based on their composition. – we divided naming substances into three categories: (1) Nomenclature of …
Read More »Molecular Formulas and Empirical Formulas: Definitions, Examples
– In this subject, we will discuss Molecular Formulas and Empirical Formulas: Definitions, Examples – Chemists use Chemical formulas to express the composition of molecules and ionic compounds in terms of chemical symbols. – By composition we mean not only the elements present but also the ratios in which the atoms …
Read More »Atoms, Molecules, and Ions: Definition, Types, Examples
– In this subject, we will discuss the Atoms, Molecules, and Ions: Definition, Types, Examples Atoms – Of all the elements, only the six noble gases in Group 8A of the periodic table (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and Rn) exist in nature as single atoms. – For this reason, …
Read More »Atomic Number, Mass Number, and Isotopes
– In this subject, we will discuss the Atomic Number, Mass Number, and Isotopes: Definition, Formula, and Calculation Atomic number – All atoms can be identified by the number of protons and neutrons they contain. – The number of protons in the nucleus of each atom of an element is …
Read More »Equations of State for Ideal gas – Ideal gas law
Equations of State for Ideal gas ** Phenomenological thermodynamics is based on experiment, on measurements that you might make in a lab, garage, or kitchen. ** For example, for any fixed amount of a pure gas, two state variables are pressure, p, and volume, V. Each can be controlled …
Read More »Calculating the pH of Weak Acid and Base Solutions
– In this subject, we will discuss Calculating the pH of Weak Acid and Base Solutions Total and partial ionization – When an acid or base is dissolved in water, it will dissociate, or ionize According to the equations: – The amount of ionization is dependent on the strength of …
Read More »pH Scale: Definition, formula, Notes, Solved problems
– In this subject, we will discuss the pH Scale: Definition, formula, Notes, Solved problems pH Scale – The concentration of H+ or OH− in aqueous solution can vary over extremely wide ranges, from 1 M or greater to 10−14 M or less. – To construct a plot of H+ concentration against some variable …
Read More »Acid-Base Equilibrium in Water
– In this subject, we will discuss Acid-Base Equilibrium in Water. Acid-Base Equilibrium in Water – When an acid or base is dissolved in water, it will dissociate, or ionize According to the equations: – The amount of ionization is dependent on the strength of the acid or the base. …
Read More »Acid-Base Theories: Arrhenius, Lewis, and Bronsted-Lowry Theory
– In this subject, we will discuss Acid-Base Theories: Arrhenius, Lewis, and Bronsted-Lowry Theory Acid-base Theories – Several acid–base theories have been proposed to explain or classify acidic and basic properties of substances. – You are probably most familiar with the Arrhenius theory, which applies only to water. – Other …
Read More »Weighing Equipment and Manipulations
– In this subject, we will discuss The Equipment and Manipulations Associated with weighing. Weighing Equipment and Manipulations – The mass of many solids changes with humidity because they tend to absorb weighable amounts of moisture. – This effect is especially pronounced when a large surface area is exposed, as …
Read More »Discovery of the Atom, Nucleus, electron, Proton, and Neutron
– In this subject, we will discuss the Discovery of the Atom, Nucleus, electron, Proton, and Neutron Definition of atom – Based on Dalton’s atomic theory, we can define an atom as the basic unit of an element that can enter into a chemical combination. – Dalton imagined an atom …
Read More »Gas Pressure: Definition, Units, Measurement
– In this subject, we will discuss Gas Pressure: Definition, Units, Measurement Key points of the Gas Pressure lesson :(Key points of this lesson (gas pressure Firstly, Pressure, force divided by area, provides a criterion of mechanical equilibrium for systems free to change their volume Secondly, Pressure is measured …
Read More »Dalton’s Atomic Theory: Definition, Statement, and Postulates
– In this subject, we will discuss the Dalton’s Atomic Theory: Definition, Statement, and Postulates Atomic Theory – In this lesson, we will explain atomic Theory especially, Dalton’s atomic theory. – In the fifth-century b.c., the Greek philosopher Democritus expressed the belief that all matter consists of very small, indivisible …
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