General Chemistry
General Chemistry introduces basic chemical concepts, including atomic structure, bonding, reactions, stoichiometry, states of matter, and periodic trends. It lays the groundwork for advanced study in all chemistry branches.
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Chemical Formula – Structural Formula
Chemical Formula – The chemical formula for a substance shows its chemical composition. – This represents the elements present as…
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Atoms and Molecules
Democritus’s ideas about atoms – The Greek philosopher Democritus (470–400 BC) suggested that all matter is composed of tiny, discrete,…
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Heat and Temperature
Difference Between Heat and Temperature – Heat is one form of energy. – Many forms of energy can be interconverted…
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Density and Specific gravity: Definition, Solved problems
– In this topic, we will discuss The Density and Specific gravity: Definition and Solved problems. Definition of Density –…
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Physical and Chemical properties of Matter
– In this topic, we will discuss The Physical and Chemical properties of Matter and The Physical and Chemical Changes.…
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Solids, liquids, and gases.
What’s the difference between Solids, liquids, and gases? – It is easy to tell the difference between solids, liquids and…
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Matter and Energy
Definition of Matter and Energy What is Matter? – Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. – Mass…
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Molecular Orbitals for Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules
Molecular Orbitals for Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules – In the previous subject, we talk about but electronic structures and bonding properties…
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Molecular Orbitals for Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules
Molecular Orbitals for Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules – In the previous subject, we talk about but electronic structures and bonding properties…
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MCQ on Chemical Bonding – Orbital Theory
MCQ on Chemical Bonding – Orbital Theory – In this subject, you will find 46 questions and answers MCQ on…
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Molecular Orbital Theory
Molecular Orbital Theory – The molecular orbital theory proposed by Hund and Mulliken in 1932 explains the formation of a…
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MCQ on Chapter: structure of atom – wave mechanical approach
MCQ on the structure of the atom – In this subject, you will find 50 questions and answers MCQ on…
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Electronegativity and Electron Affinity
– In this subject, we will discuss the difference Between Electronegativity and Electron Affinity Electron Affinity – A neutral atom…
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Ionization Energy (Definition – Trends – Measurement)
– The ionization energy (IE) of an element is defined as the energy needed to remove a single electron from…
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Electron Configuration Of Elements
– In this subject, we will discuss the rules of Electron Configuration Of Elements Electron Configuration Of Elements – We…
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Distribution of Electrons in Orbitals
– In this subject, we will discuss the Distribution of Electrons in Orbitals according to Hund’s Rule. Energy Distribution and…
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Pauli Exclusion Principle
– The Pauli exclusion principle is of immense value in telling the maximum number of electrons accommodated in any shell.…
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Quantum Numbers (Principal, Azimuthal, Magnetic and Spin)
Quantum Numbers – Bohr’s electronic energy shells or levels, designated as Principal Quantum Numbers (n), could hardly explain the hydrogen…
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Schrödinger Wave Equation
Schrödinger Wave Equation – In order to provide sense and meaning to the probability approach, Schrödinger derived an equation known…
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Heisenberg’s uncertainty Principle
– Heisenberg’s uncertainty Principle: As it is impossible to know the position and the velocity of any one electron on…
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