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Physical Chemistry
Ways of Expressing Concentration
Concentration of A Solution – The concentration of a solution is defined as : the amount of solute present in…
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Physical Chemistry
Measurement of Optical Activity
Optical Activity – Optical activity is one of imortant physcial properties of liqiuds – A beam of ordinary light consists…
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Physical Chemistry
Determination of Refractive Index
Refractive Index – The refractive index (n) of a substance is defined as the ratio of the velocity of light…
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Physical Chemistry
Viscosity – Measurement of Viscosity
Viscosity – Viscosity is the resistance of a liquid to flow. – A liquid may be considered to be consisting…
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Physical Chemistry
Determination of Surface Tension
Surface Tension – Surface Tension property of liquids arises from the intermolecular forces of attraction. – A molecule in the…
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Physical Chemistry
Vapour Pressure , Factors affecting on Vapour Pressure
– The vapour pressure of a liquid is defined as the pressure exerted by the vapour in equilibrium with the…
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Physical Chemistry
Intermolecular Forces in Liquids
Intermolecular Forces in Liquids – Intermolecular forces in liquids are collectively called van der Waals forces. – These forces are…
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Physical Chemistry
Gases – General Characteristics of gases
States of the matter – All matter exists in three states: gases, liquids and solids. – A molecular-level representation of…
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Physical Chemistry
Spontaneous Processes – Second Law of Thermodynamics
Spontaneous Processes – A process that proceeds of its own accord, without any outside assistance, is termed a spontaneous or…
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Physical Chemistry
MCQ on Chapter Thermochemistry ΔH, ΔE
1. For exothermic reactions, ΔH is _______ while for endothermic reactions it is _______. (a) positive, negative (b) positive, positive…
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Physical Chemistry
Measurement of The Heat of Reaction
Measurement of The Heat of Reaction – The experimental measurement of the heat of reaction or enthalpy change is known…
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Physical Chemistry
Bond energy (definition, Illustration, solved Problems)
Bond energy – When a bond between two atoms is formed, there is a release of energy. – The same…
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Physical Chemistry
Hess’s Law ( statement, Illustration, application, Problems)
– Hess’s Law may be stated as: (If a chemical change can be made to take place in two or…
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Physical Chemistry
Energy Changes During Transitions or Phase Changes
– In this subject, we will discuss Energy Changes During Transitions or Phase Changes. Energy Changes During Transitions or Phase…
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Physical Chemistry
Heat of Combustion (Definition, Applications, Solved Problems)
Heat of Combustion – The heat of combustion of a substance is defined as The change in enthalpy of…
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Physical Chemistry
Heat of Formation (Definition, Applications, Solved Problems)
Heat of Formation – The heat of formation of a compound is defined as The change in enthalpy that takes…
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Physical Chemistry
Different Types of Heat of Reaction (Enthalpy)
– The heat of reaction or enthalpy changes accompanying chemical reactions are expressed in different ways, depending on the nature…
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Physical Chemistry
Variation of heat of reaction with temperature
– In this subject, the Variation of heat of reaction with temperature will be discussed. Heat of Reaction or Enthalpy…
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Physical Chemistry
Enthalpy of Reaction
– For reactions involving solids and liquids only the change in volume (ΔV) is very small and the term P…
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Physical Chemistry
MCQ on the First law of Thermodynamics
MCQ on the First Law of Thermodynamics – In this subject, you will find 50 questions and answers MCQ on…
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