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Organic Chemistry
Hydrocarbons: Infrared Spectroscopy of Hydrocarbons
Infrared Spectroscopy of Hydrocarbons – Hydrocarbons contain only carbon–carbon bonds and carbon–hydrogen bonds. – An infrared spectrum does not provide…
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Physical Chemistry
First Order Reaction -Examples and Solved problems
First order reaction – Let us consider a first order reaction: A → products – Suppose that at the beginning…
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Organic Chemistry
IR Spectrum – Measurement of the IR Spectrum
– In this subject, we talk about how to Measure the IR Spectrum. Measurement of the IR Spectrum – Infrared…
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Physical Chemistry
Molecular Vibrations : IR spectrum
– In this subject we talk about Molecular Vibrations as introduction to understand IR spectrum Molecular Vibrations – Before discussing…
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Physical Chemistry
Molecularity of a reaction
– we will discuss the Molecularity of a reaction and the Differences Between Order and Molecularity. Molecularity of a reaction…
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Organic Chemistry
Inorganic Esters – Esters of Inorganic Acids
Esters of Inorganic Acids – In addition to forming esters with carboxylic acids, alcohols form inorganic esters with inorganic acids…
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Physical Chemistry
Sulphur system – Phase diagram of Sulphur
The Sulphur system – Sulphur system is a one-component, four-phase system. – The four phases are: (a) Two solid polymorphic…
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Organic Chemistry
Esterification of Alcohols
– In this subject we will talk about the Esterification of Alcohols. What are Alcohols? – Alcohols are organic compounds…
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Organic Chemistry
Reactions of Diols
Unique Reactions of Diols – Unique Reactions of Diols are: (1) The Pinacol Rearrangement (2) Periodic Acid Cleavage of Glycols…
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Organic Chemistry
Reactions of Alcohols with Thionyl Chloride
Reactions of Alcohols with Thionyl Chloride – Reactions of Alcohols with Thionyl Chloride give alkyl chloride. – Thionyl chloride (SOCl2)…
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Physical Chemistry
Water system, Phase diagram of Water
The Water system – Under normal conditions the Water system is a three-phase, one-component system. – The three phases involved…
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Organic Chemistry
Reaction of Alcohols with Phosphorus Halides
Reaction of Alcohols with Phosphorus Halides – Reaction of Alcohols with Phosphorus Halides gives alkyl halides. – Several phosphorus halides…
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Physical Chemistry
Polymorphism – Allotropy
Polymorphism – The occurrence of the same substance in more than one crystalline forms is known as Polymorphism. – Polymorphism…
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Physical Chemistry
Phase diagram – Phase Rule
Phase Diagram – A phase diagram is a plot showing the conditions of pressure and temperature under which two or…
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Organic Chemistry
Reactions of Alcohols with Hydrohalic Acids
– In this topic the Reactions of Alcohols with Hydrohalic Acids such as HBr , HCl are discussed Reactions of…
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Physical Chemistry
Derivation of the phase rule
Derivation of the phase rule – Here the derivation of the phase rule for one-component system and two-component system are…
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Physical Chemistry
Degree of Freedom – phase Rule
Degree of Freedom – The term Degree of Freedom represented by F in the phase Rule equation (F = C…
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Physical Chemistry
What is meant by A phase and components?
The Phase Rule statement – The phase Rule is an important generalization dealing with the behaviour of heterogeneous systems. –…
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Organic Chemistry
Alcohols as Nucleophiles and Electrophiles
Alcohols as Nucleophiles and Electrophiles; Formation of Tosylates – One reason alcohols are such versatile chemical intermediates is that they…
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Physical Chemistry
Applications of distribution law
Applications of distribution law – There are numerous applications of distribution law in the laboratory as well as in industry.…
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