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Organic Chemistry
Meso Compounds
Meso Compounds – Compounds that are achiral even though they have asymmetric carbon atoms are called meso compounds. – The…
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Organic Chemistry
Chiral Compounds without Asymmetric Atom
Chiral Compounds without Asymmetric Atoms – Most chiral organic compounds have at least one asymmetric carbon atom. – Some compounds…
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Organic Chemistry
What is Diastereomers?
Diastereomers – We have defined stereoisomers as isomers whose atoms are bonded together in the same order but differ in…
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Organic Chemistry
Drawing Fischer Projections
In this subject we will discuss How to draw Fischer projections Introduction to Fischer Projections – We have been using…
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Organic Chemistry
Racemic Mixtures
Racemic Mixtures – Suppose we had a mixture of equal amounts of (+)-butan-2-ol and (-)-butan-2-ol – The (+) isomer would…
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Organic Chemistry
Biological Discrimination of Enantiomers
Biological Discrimination of Enantiomers – If the direction of rotation of polarized light were the only difference between enantiomers, one…
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Organic Chemistry
Optical Activity in Organic Compounds
– Rotation of the plane of polarized light is called optical activity, and substances that rotate the plane of polarized…
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Organic Chemistry
(R) and (S) of Asymmetric Carbon Atoms
(R) and (S) Nomenclature of Asymmetric Carbon Atoms – Alanine is one of the amino acids found in common proteins.…
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Organic Chemistry
Chirality in Organic Chemistry
What is Chirality? – What is the difference between your left hand and your right hand? They look similar, yet…
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Physical Chemistry
Laws of Osmotic Pressure
Laws of Osmotic Pressure – From a study of the experimental results obtained by Pfeffer, van’t Hoff showed that for…
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Physical Chemistry
Theories of Osmosis
Theories of Osmosis – Here we will discuss some theories of osmosis. – Several theories have been advanced to explain…
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Physical Chemistry
Determination of osmotic pressure
Determination of osmotic pressure – The osmotic pressure of a given solution can be determined experimentally by the methods detailed…
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Physical Chemistry
What is Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure?
Diffusion and Osmosis – Just as a gas can diffuse into vacant space or another gas, a solute can diffuse…
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Physical Chemistry
Measurement of freezing point Depression
The subject of Measurement of freezing point Depression will be discused FREEZING POINT DEPRESSION Relation between Depression of Freezing point…
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Physical Chemistry
Measurement of boiling point elevation
MEASUREMENT OF BOILING POINT ELEVATION – There are several methods available for the measurement of the elevation of boiling point.…
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Physical Chemistry
Measurement of lowering of vapour pressure
MEASUREMENT OF LOWERING OF VAPOUR PRESSURE (1) Barometric Method – Raoult measured the individual vapour pressure of a liquid and…
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Physical Chemistry
Lowering of vapour pressure- Raoult’s law
In this subject we will restrict our discussion to Raoult’s Law COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES – Dilute solutions containing non-volatile solute exhibit…
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Physical Chemistry
Solutions of solid substances in liquids
SOLUTIONS OF SOLIDS IN LIQUIDS – Solutions of a solid substance in a solvent are most commonly met with. –…
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Uncategorized
Solutions of liquids in liquids
SOLUTIONS OF LIQUIDS IN LIQUIDS – The solutions of liquids in liquids may be divided into three classes as follows:…
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Physical Chemistry
Henry’s Law – Solutions of gases in gases
The subject of Solutions of gases in gases – Henry’s Law will be discused Types of Solutions – The common…
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