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    The purity of reagents has an important bearing on the accuracy attained in any analysis. It is, therefore, essential that the quality of a reagent be consistent with its intended use. Classifying Chemicals A. Reagent Grade ** Reagent-grade chemicals conform to the minimum standards set forth by the …

  What is Alkanes ? ** Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons; that is, they contain only carbon-carbon single bonds. ** In this context, saturated means that each carbon has the maximum number of hydrogens bonded to it.   Nomenclature of Alkanes The IUPAC System ** Ideally, every organic compound should have a …

  What is Alkanes ? ** Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons; that is, they contain only carbon-carbon single bonds. ** In this context, saturated means that each carbon has the maximum number of hydrogens bonded to it.   ** We often refer to alkanes as aliphatic hydrocarbons because the physical properties of …

    :(Key points of this lesson (pressure Firstly, Pressure, force divided by area, provides a criterion of mechanical equilibrium for systems free to change their volume   Secondly,Pressure is measured with a barometer.    The states of gases   ** The physical state of a sample of a substance, its …

  Atomic Theory ** In this lesson , we will explain atomic Theory especially, Dalton’s atomic theory.   ** In the fifth century b.c., the Greek philosopher Democritus expressed the belief that all matter consists of very small, indivisible particles. he named atomos (meaning uncuttable or indivisible). ** Although Democritus’ idea was …

  Functional Groups ** Carbon combines with other atoms (e.g., H, N, O, S, halogens) to form structural units called functional groups. ** Functional groups are important for three reasons. First, they are the units by which we divide organic compounds into classes. Second, they are sites of characteristic chemical …